Wawasan Al-Qur’an Terkait Kemiskinan (Studi Tafsir Tematik)

Abstract

Poverty is a constant humanitarian problem spanning the history of human civilization. Despite the rapid development of modernization instruments and material progress, the distributive inequality of wealth continues to generate striking disparities. This study aims to formulate a comprehensive Quranic conception of poverty using the Tafsir Maudhu'i (thematic) approach. The focus of the study is directed at three main pillars: the semantic nature of poverty terms (specifically the term miskin), the causal factors of poverty, and the integrative solutions offered by the Quran. The results of the analysis show that the word miskin is rooted in the meaning of stillness or lack of movement (sakana), indicating an economic helplessness that leaves an individual "paralyzed" in meeting primary needs. The Quran views poverty not merely as a problem of material deprivation, but as a manifestation of structural inequality, personal laziness, and the neglect of moral-spiritual values. To address this problem, the Quran formulates a multi-dimensional approach that includes the optimization of financial obligations (zakat), the regulation of socio-religious sanctions (kafarat), the strengthening of communal solidarity (infaq, sedekah, fidyah), and a productive work ethos. The holistic implementation of Quranic insights is capable of transforming the socio-economic order toward justice oriented around maslahah (the public good).