Doktrin Abuse of Process dan Kewajiban Due Diligence Investor Asing dalam Penyelesaian Sengketa Investasi Internasional: Analisis Putusan ICSID dalam Perkara Churchill Mining PLC dan Planet Mining Pty Ltd V. Republik Indonesia
Abstract
The Republic of Indonesia’s first complete victory in an international investment arbitration forum is embodied in the ICSID Tribunal’s decision dated December 6, 2016, in the case of *Churchill Mining Plc and Planet Mining Pty Ltd v. Republic of Indonesia* (ICSID Case Nos. ARB/12/14 and 12/40). The Tribunal dismissed claims totaling approximately USD 1.31 billion—not based on an assessment of the merits regarding expropriation or fair and equitable treatment, but by declaring the claims inadmissible because the Claimants' entire investment was tainted by forged licensing documents. This article analyzes four issues: (1) the construction of the Tribunal’s jurisdiction based on Article 7 of the 1976 Indonesia–UK BIT and Article XI of the 1992 Indonesia–Australia BIT; (2) the application of the "abuse of process" doctrine as an extension of the good faith principle and the establishment of an investor’s due diligence obligation; (3) the balance between host State control and investor protection, ensuring that the strengthening of the State’s position does not become a source of loss for investors acting in good faith; and (4) the implementation of regulations in the investment and capital market sectors as two protection regimes that operate in parallel yet asymmetrically.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23029576
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