Analisis Kelebihan Labor Supply Lulusan Pendidikan Tinggi di Amerika Serikat: Perspektif Ketidaksesuaian Kualifikasi

David Salomo Masbait, Airlangga Surya Kusuma, Lazarus Valdino Ndopo Mali, Naufal Pratama Muhardi, Fachdieral Nuradza Iskandar, Dheariani Safitri

Abstract


Dalam beberapa dekade terakhir, pendidikan tinggi di Amerika Serikat telah mengalami pertumbuhan yang luar biasa, menghasilkan peningkatan jumlah lulusan yang signifikan. Namun, fenomena yang mengkhawatirkan telah muncul: jumlah lulusan yang melampaui ketersediaan lapangan kerja yang sesuai, yang dikenal sebagai "ketidakcocokan kualifikasi." Artikel ini mengkaji dampak negatif dari ketidakcocokan kualifikasi, seperti penurunan produktivitas, pemanfaatan sumber daya pendidikan yang tidak efisien, dan potensi penurunan upah serta kepuasan kerja. Kami mengidentifikasi kurangnya kolaborasi antara lembaga pendidikan dan pemberi kerja sebagai faktor utama penyebab masalah ini, ditambah dengan kecepatan kemajuan teknologi yang tidak sejalan dengan pembaruan kurikulum. Studi kasus internasional menunjukkan bahwa tantangan ini bersifat global, dan negara-negara yang berinvestasi dalam kurikulum yang selaras dengan industri lebih berhasil mempersiapkan lulusan. Data terkini tentang pasar kerja lulusan di AS mengungkapkan perbedaan tingkat pengangguran berdasarkan tingkat pendidikan dan gender, dengan lulusan perempuan menunjukkan hasil yang lebih baik dalam beberapa kategori. Proyeksi menunjukkan bahwa pekerjaan yang membutuhkan kualifikasi lebih tinggi akan terus meningkat, menggarisbawahi pentingnya pendidikan lanjutan. Selain itu, kami membahas bagaimana ketidakpastian ekonomi dan teknologi baru seperti kecerdasan buatan memperparah tantangan pekerjaan bagi lulusan baru, menekankan perlunya kolaborasi antara lembaga pendidikan, pemerintah, dan industri untuk memastikan lulusan memiliki keterampilan yang relevan dan dapat bertransisi dengan mulus ke dunia kerja.


Keywords


Ketidakcocokan kualifikasi, Pasar kerja, Pendidikan tinggi, Pengangguran, Kesenjangan keterampilan

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15692370

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