From Regulation to Reconciliation: A Comparative Analysis of Peacebuilding Mechanisms in the Charter of Medina and the Conquest of Mecca

Azzahra A, Sri Wahyuni, Diah Novita Fardani

Abstract


Peacebuilding in Islamic history involves conflict cessation, social regulation, and post-conflict relationship restoration. This study analyzes and compares peacebuilding mechanisms in the Charter of Medina and the Conquest of Mecca, formulating the correlation between regulation and reconciliation for socio-political stability. Using a qualitative historical approach and literature review, data were analyzed descriptively and comparatively. The results indicate that the Charter of Medina built peace by institutionalizing shared rules (regulation) governing rights, obligations, and intergroup relations in a pluralistic society. Conversely, the Conquest of Mecca demonstrated a post-conflict peace mechanism (reconciliation) through security guarantees, forgiveness, violence restriction, and reintegration of former opponents. This comparison asserts that regulation and reconciliation serve distinct yet complementary functions: regulation creates structural certainty, while reconciliation restores post-conflict relations. In conclusion, Prophet Muhammad’s (PBUH) peacebuilding strategy is contextual and gradual, shifting from rule establishment to relationship restoration to achieve sustainable socio-political stability.

Keywords


Charter of Medina, Conquest of Mecca, regulation, reconciliation, peacebuilding.

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24125155

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