Implementasi Therapeutic Community dalam Program Rehabilitasi Sosial di IPWL Bukit Doa Rumahku

Trifosa Irena Br Ginting, Fajar Utama Ritonga

Abstract


This study aims to describe the implementation of Therapeutic Community in the social rehabilitation program at IPWL Bukit Doa Rumahku. This study employed a descriptive qualitative method with data collection techniques consisting of in-depth interviews, non-participant observation, and documentary study of eight informants selected through purposive sampling. Data were analyzed using Miles and Huberman's interactive model. The results indicate that TC implementation at IPWL Bukit Doa Rumahku was conducted in accordance with David C. Korten's program implementation theory, encompassing conformity across three main aspects. In terms of the program aspect, TC objectives were clearly formulated and supported by 26 standard operating procedures. In terms of the implementing organization aspect, all personnel possess adequate formal competencies with a structured coordination mechanism and high level of involvement, making this aspect both the main focus and the most prominent dimension across the entire implementation process. In terms of the beneficiary aspect, primary residents experienced comprehensive changes across emotional, behavioral, physical, and spiritual dimensions.

Keywords


Therapeutic Community, Social Rehabilitation, Drug Abuse, IPWL, Program Implementation

Full Text:

PDF

References


Abdurrahman, & Suriyani, E. (2022). Implementasi program Kotaku (Kota Tanpa Kumuh) dalam mengatasi permukiman kumuh di Kelurahan Belimbing Raya Kecamatan Murung Pudak Kabupaten Tabalong. Jurnal Administrasi Publik & Administrasi Bisnis (JAPB), 5, 1–14. https://jurnal.stiatabalong.ac.id/index.php/JAPB/article/view/571/468

Afghani, M. M. Al. (2023). BNN: Prevalensi penyalahgunaan narkotika turun pada tahun 2023. Antara News. https://www.antaranews.com/berita/3890658/bnn-prevalensi-penyalahgunaan-narkotika-turun-pada-tahun-2023

Akib, H., & Tarigan, A. (2008). Artikulasi konsep implementasi kebijakan: Perspektif, model dan kriteria pengukurannya. Jurnal Baca, 1(8), 1–19. https://www.academia.edu/10240795/ARTIKULASI_KONSEP_IMPLEMENTASI_KEBIJAKAN_Perspektif_Model_dan_Kriteria_Pengukurannya

Ardani, I., & Cahyani, H. S. H. (2019). Efektivitas metode therapeutic community dalam pencegahan relapse korban penyalahguna NAPZA di Panti Sosial Pamardi Putra Galih Pakuan Bogor tahun 2017. Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pelayanan Kesehatan, 22(3). https://www.researchgate.net/publication/342838249_Efektivitas_Metode_Therapeutic_Community

Arifin, B. A. (2016). Rehabilitasi sosial korban Napza di Panti Sosial Marsudi Putra Toddopuli Kecamatan Biringkanaya Kota Makassar.

Asiah, Y. N. (2017). Evaluasi program therapeutic community terhadap residen korban penyalahgunaan Napza di Panti Sosial “Pamardi Putra” Putat Nutug-Bogor.

Azmiardi, A. (2021). Standar pelayanan minimal rehabilitasi Napza di Indonesia. 3(1), 86–97.

Badan Narkotika Nasional. (2012). Petunjuk teknis rehabilitasi therapeutic community (TC).

Badan Narkotika Nasional. (2013). Pencegahan penyalahgunaan Napza. https://bnn.go.id/pencegahan-penyalahgunaan-napza/

Badan Narkotika Nasional. (2023). Pengukuran prevalensi penyalahgunaan narkoba tahun 2023. https://sumut.bnn.go.id/pengukuran-prevalensi-penyalahgunaan-narkoba-tahun-2023/

Badan Narkotika Nasional. (2024). Laporan akuntabilitas kinerja Direktorat Pasca Rehabilitasi Deputi Bidang Rehabilitasi BNN tahun 2024. https://ppid.bnn.go.id/konten/unggahan/2020/10/LKIP-Direktorat-Pascarehabilitasi-2024.pdf

Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa. (n.d.). Rehabilitasi. https://kbbi.web.id/rehabilitasi

Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional. (2025). BRIN dan BNN ukur prevalensi penyalahgunaan narkoba 2025. https://brin.go.id/news/123158/brin-dan-bnn-ukur-pervalensi-penyalahgunaan-narkoba-2025

Berlianti, Abdurahman, E. P., Ritonga, F. U., Atika, T., Siregar, H., Lubis, M. A., Triyani, E., & Putri, M. (2024). Pencegahan dan penanggulangan narkoba di kalangan remaja: Perspektif kesejahteraan–pekerjaan sosial. CV. Jejak Pustaka. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/393356699_PENCEGAHAN_DAN_PENANGGULANGAN_NARKOBA_DI_KALANGAN_REMAJA_Perspektif_Kesejahteraan-Pekerjaan_Sosial

Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (4th ed.). SAGE Publications.

Creswell, J. W. (2018). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (5th ed.). SAGE Publications.

Dahlia, N. L., Paujiyah, S., & Istiqomah. (2022). Implementasi metode therapeutic community sebagai upaya rehabilitasi sosial penyalahguna NAPZA di IPWL Putra Agung Mandiri Kota Cirebon. PEKSOS: Jurnal Ilmiah Pekerjaan Sosial, 21(2).

De Leon, G. (1994). The therapeutic community: Toward a general theory and model. In NIDA research monograph series (pp. 16–53). https://rm.coe.int/m9-i/1680a2adcd

De Leon, G., & Unterrainer, H. F. (2020). The therapeutic community: A unique social psychological approach to the treatment of addictions and related disorders. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 11, Article 786. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00786

Fatma, Y. (2022). Layanan program therapeutic community (TC) dalam proses pemulihan korban penyalahgunaan NAPZA di IPWL Yayasan Mutiara Lentera Mataram [Undergraduate thesis, Universitas Islam Negeri Mataram]. https://etheses.uinmataram.ac.id/3308/1/Yeni%20Fatma%20180303004.pdf

Feisal, R. (2024). BNN: 1,7 persen jadi target prevalensi penyalahgunaan narkoba di 2025. Antara News. https://www.antaranews.com/berita/4604486/bnn-17-persen-jadi-target-prevalensi-penyalahgunaan-narkoba-di-2025

Heryana, A. (2018). Informan dan pemilihan informan dalam penelitian kualitatif. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/329351816_Informan_dan_Pemilihan_Informan_dalam_Penelitian_Kualitatif

Ismail, M. T., Kasim, F., & Ritonga, R. R. (2025). Evaluasi implementasi Peraturan Daerah Nomor 1 Tahun 2019 terhadap pelaksanaan rehabilitasi korban penyalahgunaan narkotika psikotropika zat adiktif lainnya di Sumatera Utara. 307–314.

Keputusan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Nomor 420/MENKES/SK/III/2010 tentang pedoman layanan terapi dan rehabilitasi komprehensif pada gangguan penggunaan NAPZA berbasis rumah sakit. (2010).

Korten, D. C. (1980). Community organization and rural development: A learning process approach. Public Administration Review, 40(5), 480–511. https://courses.washington.edu/pbaf531/Korten_LearningProcessApproach.pdf

Maisaroh, A., Bangun, Y. O. B., Purba, R. Y. V., Akbar, R., & Rangkut, M. A. (2024). Analisis perbandingan pengaruh sistem lingkungan terhadap residen di IPWL Bukit Doa melalui perspektif teori sistem. SOSMANIORA: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Humaniora, 3(3), 314–321. https://doi.org/10.55123/sosmaniora.v3i3.3721

Masturina, I. (2022). Implementasi program pengembangan wisata oleh Kelompok Sadar Wisata (Pokdarwis) Pante Menye Ke [Undergraduate thesis, Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta]. https://digilib.uin-suka.ac.id/id/eprint/55704/1/18102030029_BAB-I_IV-atau-V_DAFTAR-PUSTAKA.pdf

Naibaho, R. (2023). Jumlah pengguna narkoba di RI capai 3,3 juta orang, perputaran duit Rp 99 T. DetikNews. https://news.detik.com/berita/d-7671969/jumlah-pengguna-narkoba-di-ri-capai-3-3-juta-orang-perputaran-duit-rp-99-t

Nestapa Zega, G., Gea, Y. K., Simamora, A., & Waruwu, M. (2025). Dari ketergantungan menuju pemulihan, peran nyata pekerja sosial di IPWL Bukit Doa. SUARA USU. https://suarausu.or.id/dari-ketergantungan-menuju-pemulihan-peran-nyata-pekerja-sosial-di-ipwl-bukit-doa/

Pardosi, R. (2025). Sumut pringkat satu nasional penyalahgunaan narkotika. Harian SIB. https://www.hariansib.com/Medan-Sekitarnya/430193/sumut-pringkat-satu-nasional-penyalahgunaan-narkotika/

Ritonga, F. U., & Arifin, A. (2020). Model pelayanan kesejahteraan sosial adiksi narkoba. Puspantara.

Ruhaedi, F. D., & Huraerah, A. (2020). Penerapan therapeutic community (TC) dalam penanganan masalah NAPZA di Panti Rehabilitasi Sosial Yayasan Sekar Mawar Bandung. Jurnal Ilmu Kesejahteraan Sosial HUMANITAS, 2(2).

Savirah, N. D. (2023). Implementasi therapeutic community pada pecandu narkoba di Yayasan Siklus Recovering Centre Pekanbaru.

Simanungkalit, W. (2023). Implementasi kebijakan UU No. 43 Tahun 2007 Pasal 24 pada peningkatan kualitas perpustakaan Universitas Medan Area [Undergraduate thesis, Universitas Medan Area]. https://repositori.uma.ac.id/jspui/bitstream/123456789/21268/1/198520085%20-%20Widya%20Simanungkalit%20Fulltext.pdf

Ulfah, M. (2011). Metode therapeutic community bagi residen narkotika di Unit Terapi dan Rehabilitasi Badan Narkotika Nasional, Lido-Bogor.

United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. (2023). UNODC World Drug Report 2023 warns of converging crises as illicit drug markets continue to expand. https://www.unodc.org/unodc/press/releases/2023/June/unodc-world-drug-report-2023-warns-of-converging-crises-as-illicit-drug-markets-continue-to-expand.html

United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. (2024). World Drug Report 2024. https://www.unodc.org/islamicrepublicofiran/en/unodc-world-drug-report-2024_-harms-of-world-drug-problem-continue-to-mount-amid-expansions-in-drug-use-and-markets.html

Winanti. (n.d.). Therapeutic community (TC) Lapas Klas IIA Narkotika Jakarta.

World Health Organization. (2024). Rehabilitation. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/rehabilitation

Zastrow, C. (2010). Introduction to social work and social welfare: Empowering people (10th ed.). https://www.scribd.com/document/735155517/Introduction-to-Social-Work-and-Social-Welfare-Empowering-People




DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23060483

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

 

Media Hukum Indonesia (MHI)

E-ISSN :3032-6591

Organized by Penerbit Yayasan Daarul Huda Kruengmane,