Perlindungan UMKM dalam Arus Perdagangan Internasional: Evaluasi Kewajiban Fair Competition bagi Negara Berkembang

Muhammad Wildan Mufti

Abstract


This study analyzes how fair competition obligations within the WTO framework affect the position and protection of SMEs in developing countries. Although the WTO adopts the principle of non-discrimination to create equal competition, structural constraints faced by SMEs, such as limited capital, technology, and access to information, result in equality that is merely formal rather than substantive. International trade instruments such as the SCM Agreement, anti-dumping measures, non-tariff barriers, and the weak effectiveness of Special and Differential Treatment restrict the policy space of developing countries to protect their SMEs. This study also formulates a model for strengthening policies through affirmative approaches, including asymmetric competition law enforcement, subsidy reformulation, trade facilitation, and the integration of SMEs into global value chains and the digital economy. The findings demonstrate that comprehensive domestic and international regulatory reforms are necessary to ensure that fair competition truly creates substantive justice for SMEs.

Keywords


SMEs, Fair competition, WTO, Non-tariff measures, Developing countries

References


Ariyani, L. (2022). Memetakan Kebijakan Internasionalisasi UMKM Indonesia. Trade Policy Journal, 1(1), 13-18.

Delfyrah, P., Zakin, K. O., Zibran, M. A., Fikri, M. H., & Asyisyitri, S. (2024). Analisis Perlindungan Hukum bagi UMKM: Pembebasan Hak Guna Pelaku UMKM dengan Membebaskan Regulasi Perdagangan. Indonesian Journal of Law and Justice, 2(2), 7-7.

Febrian, S., Ilahi, P. K., Putri, M. A., & Radiputra, A. (2025). KETIMPANGAN DAYA SAING ANTARA PELAKU USAHA BESAR DAN UMKM DALAM PASAR MONOPOLI DI KABUPATEN SUMBAWA. Jurnal Ekonomi & Bisnis, 13(2), 190-199.

Hadi, S., BF, A. R. H., & Mulada, D. A. (2022). Perlindungan Hukum Usaha Mikro Kecil Dan Menengah (UMKM) Terhadap Praktik Monopoli Dilihat Dari Perspektif Hukum Persaingan Usaha. Commerce Law, 2(1).

Hasan, N. N., Maulana, F., Wiguna, A. P., & Khair, O. I. (2025). Pemanfaatan Teknologi Informasi Untuk Efisiensi Operasional UMKM. Jurnal Sains, Ekonomi, Manajemen, Akuntansi dan Hukum, 2(4), 285-291.

Hasanie, A. S., & Sipahutar, B. (2020). Penerapan Ketentuan Special and Differential Treatment dalam World Trade Organization terhadap Pembangunan dan Perdagangan Internasional. Uti Possidetis: Journal of International Law, 1, 342-344.

Ine, M. M. (2023). Special and Differential Treatment (SDT) In the WTO Agreements: A Rule-Based Approach. Mizan: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, 12(1), 1-24.

Kaparang, G. L. (2019). Peran Negara Dalam Menyelesaikan Sengketa Perdagangan Internasional. Lex Et Societatis, 7(4).

Latifah, E. (2015). Pengaturan rules of origin di Indonesia dan masalah-masalah hukum yang ditimbulkannya. Yustisia, 4(1), 33-54.

Pane, A. R. Proteksi Terselubung Uni Eropa Terkait Pengenaan Bea Masuk Anti-Dumping Biodiesel Indonesia. Mimbar Hukum, 34(2), 476-496.

Radipati, B. D. (2004). The World Trade Organization: Law, Practice, and Policy.

Salsabila, Z., Dhanuarta, M. Z., & Winarno, A. K. (2025). DINAMIKA KEBIJAKAN EKSPOR DAN IMPOR INDONESIA DI ERA GLOBALISASI: STUDI KUALITATIF TERHADAP PELAKU EKSPOR UMKM. Jurnal Media Akademik (JMA), 3(11).

Sunanda, E., Fatimah, S., Irwan, I., Alfarisi, M. A., & Mulyadi, A. (2025). Menakar Efektivitas Politik Hukum Perdagangan Dalam Menopang Kemandirian UMKM Di Indonesia. Asas Wa Tandhim: Jurnal Hukum, Pendidikan Dan Sosial Keagamaan, 4(2), 341-362.

UN trade & development. 27 Juni 2023. “How to make small businesses in developing countries more competitive”. https://unctad.org/news/how-make-small-businesses-developing-countries-more-competitive.

World Bank Group. 7 Oktober 2025. “Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) Finance”. https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/smefinance.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17817244

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

 

Media Hukum Indonesia (MHI)

E-ISSN :3032-6591

Organized by Penerbit Yayasan Daarul Huda Kruengmane,