Abstract
This paper examines five main foundations in curriculum development, namely the philosophical, juridical, sociological, psychological, and technological bases. Using a literature study method, this article analyzes how these five foundations are interrelated and influence curriculum design. The results show that the philosophical foundation functions as a determinant of educational goals and direction, while the juridical foundation provides legal legitimacy. The sociological foundation ensures the curriculum is relevant to societal needs, the psychological foundation guides effective learning methodologies, and the technological foundation provides platforms and 21st-century skills. This paper concludes that a comprehensive and responsive curriculum must integrate these five foundations to shape an educational system that is relevant and capable of equipping learners to face global challenges.