Keadilan dalam Pengelolaan Pertambangan Nikel di Halmahera: Analisis Filsafat Hukum terhadap Hak Masyarakat Adat O’Hongana Manyawa

Raditya Irawan, Ika Fadillah

Abstract


The management of nickel mining in Halmahera raises legal issues concerning the balance between the utilization of natural resources, environmental protection, and the fulfillment of the rights of the O’Hongana Manyawa Indigenous Community. This study aims to analyze environmental justice in nickel mining management and to assess the legal protection of the rights of the O’Hongana Manyawa Indigenous Community from the perspective of legal philosophy. This study employs a normative juridical method using statutory, conceptual, and legal philosophical approaches. The analysis focuses on the principles of environmental justice, the rights of Indigenous communities, and the state’s obligations in the management of natural resources. From the perspective of legal philosophy, justice in natural resource management should not be measured solely by economic benefits and administrative compliance, but must also ensure environmental sustainability and respect for the rights of Indigenous communities. Therefore, nickel mining management needs to be directed toward more just, participatory, and sustainable governance.

Keywords


Environmental justice, nickel mining, Indigenous peoples, O’Hongana Manyawa, legal philosophy.

Full Text:

PDF

References


Aristotle. (n.d.). Nicomachean ethics (Book V). Cambridge University Press.

Ariyanti, V. (2018). Indonesia’s criminal law policy on the victim of narcotics abuse in the perspective of victimology. Veteran Law Review, 1(1), 32–49.

Asia Democracy Chronicles. (2024). Nickel and damned. https://adnchronicles.org/2024/12/01/nickel-and-damned/

Astari, A., Gultom, J. A. T., & Hadiputro, F. (2021). Sanksi tindakan kebiri kimia ditinjau dari perspektif hak asasi manusia dan ilmu kedokteran kehakiman. Jurnal Hukum Statuta, 2(2), 37–52.

Bakhtiar, H. S. (n.d.). The regulation of autopsy in Indonesia. International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research, 8(10), 17–23.

Efendi, J., & Ibrahim, J. (2018). Metode penelitian hukum: Normatif dan empiris. Prenada Media.

Forest Peoples Programme. (2026, September 3). UN sounds urgent alarm over Indonesia’s failure to protect O’Hongana Manyawa Indigenous Peoples from nickel mining in Halmahera, Indonesia. https://www.forestpeoples.org/publications-resources/news/article/un-sounds-urgent-alarm-over-indonesias-failure-to-protect-ohongana-manyawa-indigenous-peoples-from-nickel-mining-in-halmahera-indonesia

Geographical. (2026, June 17). Uncontacted Indigenous group under threat from nickel mining. https://geographical.co.uk/news/uncontacted-indigenous-group-under-threat-from-nickel-mining

Hukumonline. (2025, February 18). Disetujui, ini 6 substansi utama UU Perubahan Keempat Minerba. https://www.hukumonline.com/berita/a/disetujui--ini-6-substansi-utama-uu-perubahan-keempat-minerba-lt67b43035e0ef0/

Indigenous and Tribal Peoples and the World of Work (IWGIA). (2025). Nickel for electric vehicles threatens key forests and the last nomadic tribes in Indonesia. https://www.iwgia.org/en/news/debates-2025-nickel-for-electric-vehicles-in-indonesia

Kompas.com. (2026, August 19). Baleg DPR RI targetkan pembahasan RUU Masyarakat Adat jadi UU rampung di awal 2027. https://lestari.kompas.com/read/2026/08/19/164238386/baleg-dpr-ri-targetkan-pembahasan-ruu-masyarakat-adat-jadi-uu-rampung-di

Marzuki, P. M. (2017). Penelitian hukum (Edisi revisi). Kencana.

Mongabay. (2024, December 2). Photos: The lives and forests bound to Indonesia’s nickel dreams. https://news.mongabay.com/2024/12/photos-the-lives-and-forests-bound-to-indonesias-nickel-dreams/

Mongabay Indonesia. (2025, September 10). Penjaga hutan Halmahera tersingkir industri nikel. https://mongabay.co.id/2025/09/10/penjaga-hutan-halmahera-tersingkir-industri-nikel/

Mongabay Indonesia. (2026, March 11). Desak DPR serius proses dan sahkan RUU Masyarakat Adat. https://mongabay.co.id/2026/03/11/mendesak-pengesahan-ruu-masyarakat-adat/

Naftali, R., & Ibrahim, A. L. (2021). Proses pembuktian perkara pidana dalam persidangan yang dilakukan secara online. Esensi Hukum, 3(2), 144–157.

Peraturan Presiden Republik Indonesia Nomor 186 Tahun 2014 tentang Pemberdayaan Sosial terhadap Komunitas Adat Terpencil.

Radbruch, G. (2006). Statutory lawlessness and supra-statutory law. Oxford Journal of Legal Studies, 26(1), 1–11.

Setiadi, W., Sadiawati, D., Meliala, A. J., Bakhtiar, H. S., & Harefa, B. (2021). The role of Indonesia Constitutional Court decision in the process of establishing the law: A case study in the process of establishing the law on general elections. Journal of Legal, Ethical and Regulatory Issues, 24.

Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. (n.d.). John Rawls. https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/rawls/

Survival International. (2024, June 7). Indonesian Senate leader: Protect uncontacted tribe from nickel mining. https://www.survivalinternational.org/news/13940

Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945.

Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 29 Tahun 1999 tentang Pengesahan International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination 1965.

Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 32 Tahun 2009 tentang Perlindungan dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup.

Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 39 Tahun 1999 tentang Hak Asasi Manusia.

Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 6 Tahun 2023 tentang Penetapan Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2022 tentang Cipta Kerja menjadi Undang-Undang.

Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 2 Tahun 2025 tentang Perubahan Keempat atas Undang-Undang Nomor 4 Tahun 2009 tentang Pertambangan Mineral dan Batubara.

United Nations General Assembly. (2007). United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (Resolution 61/295).

VOA News. (2024, July 16). Nickel hub ‘apocalyptic’ for uncontacted Indonesia tribe, say NGOs. https://www.voanews.com/a/nickel-hub-apocalyptic-for-uncontacted-indonesia-tribe-say-ngos/7699909.html

Waluyo, B., & Prasetyo, H. (2020). Analisis yuridis terhadap kewajiban pencantuman label berbahasa Indonesia pada barang yang diperdagangkan dalam negeri. Jurnal Yuridis, 7(2), 325–344.

Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Republik Indonesia Nomor 35/PUU-X/2012 tentang Pengujian Undang-Undang Nomor 41 Tahun 1999 tentang Kehutanan.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23399676

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

 

Media Hukum Indonesia (MHI)

E-ISSN :3032-6591

Organized by Penerbit Yayasan Daarul Huda Kruengmane,