Juridical Analysis of the Determination of Jurisdiction and Its Legal Consequences for Consumer Protection in Cross-Border Digital Transactions Based on Electronic Contracts

Aurelia Jessica Mavelynn

Abstract


The rapid development of information technology has accelerated the growth of cross-border digital transactions conducted through electronic contracts involving business actors and consumers from different jurisdictions. This situation gives rise to legal issues concerning the determination of jurisdiction and its legal consequences for consumer protection. This study aims to examine the determination of jurisdiction in resolving disputes arising from cross-border digital transactions and to analyze its legal consequences for consumer protection. The research employs a legal research method using statutory and conceptual approaches, based on a literature study of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials analyzed qualitatively. The findings indicate that the determination of jurisdiction in cross-border digital transactions encounters challenges due to the limitations of applying traditional private international law principles within the digital environment. The use of choice of forum and choice of law clauses in electronic contracts tends to place consumers in a weaker position, potentially limiting their access to justice. The legal consequences of jurisdiction determination are reflected in the application of certain laws that may not provide adequate consumer protection, restricted access to dispute resolution mechanisms, and difficulties in the enforcement of foreign judgments. Existing national legal frameworks have not fully addressed these complexities, thus requiring regulatory enhancement and international cooperation to ensure more effective consumer protection in cross-border digital transactions.


Keywords


jurisdiction, consumer protection, digital transactions, electronic contracts, cross-border

Full Text:

PDF

References


Darmawan, H. H., & Priyanto, I. M. D. (2025). Keabsahan kontrak elektronik dan perlindungan konsumen dalam e-commerce di Indonesia. Jurnal Media Akademik, 6(1), 55–69.

EduShallman, M. Z. A., & Rizka. (2021). Perlindungan hukum terhadap konsumen dalam sistem transaksi online perspektif Undang-Undang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik. Jurnal Supremasi, 12(1), 33–47.

EduShallman, M. Z. A., & Rizka. (2021). Perlindungan hukum terhadap konsumen dalam sistem transaksi online perspektif Undang-Undang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik. Jurnal Supremasi, 12(1), 33–47.

Fuady, M. (2015). Hukum kontrak (Dari sudut pandang hukum bisnis). Citra Aditya Bakti, Bandung.

Gautama, S. (2016). Hukum perdata internasional Indonesia (Jilid I). Alumni, Bandung.

HS, S. (2021). Hukum kontrak: Teori dan teknik penyusunan kontrak. Sinar Grafika, Jakarta.

Ibrahim, A. M., Polidu, I., & Moha, S. W. S. (2023). Perlindungan hukum bagi konsumen dalam transaksi elektronik di Indonesia saat ini. Hukum Responsif, 15(1), 45–58.

Khairandy, R. (2017). Hukum kontrak Indonesia dalam perspektif perbandingan. FH UII Press, Yogyakarta.

Lumaing, E. Y., Nasirun, I. O., & Mongdong, N. M. (2024). Perlindungan hukum terhadap konsumen dalam transaksi e-commerce. Jurnal Paradigma, 6(1), 41–56.

Magister, A. A., Khalid, H., & Samma, R. (2023). Perlindungan hukum konsumen dalam transaksi jual-beli secara elektronik (E-commerce). Jurnal Lex Theory, 5(1), 23–37.

Makarim, E. (2013). Hukum telematika di Indonesia. Rajawali Pers, Jakarta.

Manalu, J. O. G. (2026). Perlindungan hukum bagi konsumen dalam transaksi jual beli online ditinjau dari Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2024 tentang Perubahan Kedua UU ITE. Konsensus: Jurnal Ilmu Pertahanan, Hukum dan Ilmu Komunikasi, 3(1), 90–104.

Marpi, Y. (2020). Perlindungan hukum terhadap konsumen atas keabsahan kontrak elektronik dalam transaksi e-commerce. Zona Media Mandiri, Jakarta.

Nasution, A. (2018). Hukum perlindungan konsumen: Suatu pengantar. Diadit Media, Jakarta.

Pembayun, E. P., & Gunawan, A. F. (2025). Perlindungan hukum terhadap konsumen dalam transaksi digital: Tinjauan terhadap implementasi UU Perlindungan Konsumen di marketplace. Jurnal Fakta Hukum, 3(2), 77–91.

Pembayun, E. P., & Gunawan, A. F. (2025). Perlindungan hukum terhadap konsumen dalam transaksi digital: Tinjauan terhadap implementasi UU Perlindungan Konsumen di marketplace. Jurnal Fakta Hukum, 3(2), 77–91.

Prayuti, Y., Herlina, E., & Rasmiaty, M. (2024). Perlindungan hukum konsumen dalam transaksi perdagangan di e-commerce di Indonesia. Jurnal Hukum Mimbar Justitia, 10(1), 12–26.

Ramadhani, N. M. (2026). Perlindungan konsumen dalam transaksi e-commerce lintas negara ditinjau dari perspektif hukum perdata internasional. Lex Suprema Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, 8(1), 88–102.

Rosadi, S. D. (2015). Cyber law: Aspek data privasi menurut hukum internasional, regional, dan nasional. Refika Aditama, Bandung.

Sjahputra, I. (2021). Perlindungan konsumen dalam transaksi elektronik: Ditinjau dari perspektif hukum perlindungan konsumen dan hukum siber. Penerbit Alumni, Bandung.

Widjaja, G., & Yani, A. (2019). Hukum tentang perlindungan konsumen. Gramedia, Jakarta.

Widyanto, M. A. (2019). Problematika perlindungan konsumen dalam transaksi elektronik di Indonesia. Jurnal Privat Law, 7(2), 66–80.

Wulandari, B. T. (2025). Perlindungan hukum bagi konsumen dalam transaksi toko online di Indonesia. Mandalika Law Journal, 3(1), 29–44.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20125273

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

 

Media Hukum Indonesia (MHI)

E-ISSN :3032-6591

Organized by Penerbit Yayasan Daarul Huda Kruengmane,