Keseimbangan Tanggung Jawab Hukum antara Multinational Corporation dan Negara Tuan Rumah dalam Foreign Direct Investment di Indonesia

Prissly Lionny Ilela

Abstract


This study discusses the balance of responsibility between multinational corporations (MNCs) and host countries in the management of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in Indonesia. The main legal issue lies in how MNCs' obligations and responsibilities relate to national law and how host countries create legal certainty and oversee the implementation of foreign investment in line with national interests. The purpose of this study is to analyze the legal position of MNCs in the implementation of FDI, the role of host countries in creating a balance of responsibilities, and the dynamics of the relationship between MNCs and Indonesia, which is often marked by conflicts of economic interests and national sovereignty. This study uses a normative-empirical legal research method, with a legislative, case, and conceptual approach. The results show that MNCs are obliged to comply with national laws, implement corporate social responsibility (CSR), and preserve the environment. The host country plays an important role in providing legal certainty, protection, and investment facilities through policies such as the Job Creation Law and the Online Single Submission (OSS) system. However, overlapping central and regional authorities and weak implementation of implementing regulations remain obstacles. The case of PT Freeport Indonesia illustrates that through negotiation and dialogue, conflicts between MNCs and the government can be resolved with a win-win solution that benefits both parties.

Keywords


Responsibility, Multinational Corporations, Foreign Direct Investment

Full Text:

PDF

References


Gunardi. Metode Penelitian Hukum. Ed. 1. Jakarta Selatan: Damera Press, 2022.

HS, Salim, dan Budi Sutrisno. Hukum Investasi di Indonesia. Jakarta: PT. Raja Grafindo Persada, 2007.

Internationales Arbeitsamt, ed. Tripartite Declaration of Principles Concerning Multinational Enterprises and Social Policy. Ed. 4. Geneva: International Labour Office, 2006.

Kumurur, Veronica Andelin. Pembangunan Kota dan Kondisi Kemiskinan Perempuan. Manado: PPLH-SDA Unsrat Press, 2010.

Panjaitaii, Hulaman, dan Aimer Sianipar. Hukum Penanaman Modal Asing. Jakarta: Indhill Co, 2008.

Rajagukguk, Erman. Hukum Investasi Penanaman Modal Asing (PMA) dan Penanaman Modal Dalam Negeri (PMDN). Jakarta: UAI Press, 2017.

United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. National Treatment: UNCTAD Series on Issues in International Investment Agreement. Geneva: United Nations, 1999.

Agastya, Komang Rama. “Implikasi Undang-Undang Cipta Kerja Terhadap Investasi Asing: Permasalahan Perizinan, Pajak Dan Sosial.” Semarang Law Review (SLR) 6, no. 1 (Mei 2025): 36–44.

Anwar, Azhar Rahadiyan. “Bentuk Host Control dan Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Penanaman Modal Asing Pasca Diterbitkannya UU Cipta Kerja di Indonesia.” AL-MANHAJ: Jurnal Hukum dan Pranata Sosial Islam 5, no. 1 (April 2023): 443–56. https://doi.org/10.37680/almanhaj.v5i1.2290.

Dewi, Kadek Ary Purnama. “Regulasi Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Terhadap Lingkungan Hidup Dalam Hukum Indonesia.” Yustitia 12, no. 2 (Februari 2018): 67–75.

Farhan, Moh. “Keseimbangan Risiko Dan Imbal Hasil Dalam Strategi Investasi Berkelanjutan: Pendekatan Integratif Terhadap Faktor Lingkungan, Sosial, Dan Tata Kelola Perusahaan (Esg).” Currency: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Perbankan Syariah 2, no. 2 (2024).

Firdaus, Achmad Dzulfadli. “Transparansi Beneficial Ownership Sebagai Upaya Control by Host State Indonesia Terhadap Perusahaan Multinasional.” PAMALI: Pattimura Magister Law Review 4, no. 3 (November 2024): 351–67. https://doi.org/10.47268/pamali.v4i3.2339.

Greenaway, David, Wyn Morgan, dan Peter Wright. “Trade Liberalization and Growth in Developing Countries.” Journal of Development Economics Vol. 67, no. No. 1 (t.t.): 230.

Irmawati, Sumardi, dan Syamsul Bakhri. “Peran Investasi Asing dalam Mendorong Kompleksitas Ekonomi.” Journal of Government Insight 4, no. 1 (2024): 37.

J. Heryanto. “Peranan Multinational Corporations Dalam Industrialisasi Di Indonesia Pada Era Orde Baru.” Jurnal Manajemen & Kewirausahaan Vol. 5, no. No. 1 (2003): 17–24.

Marthen, Alfrin Ernest, Usmany, Wetri Efita, Hendra Kasman, Rezi Setiawan, dan Christ Windreis. “Peran Investasi Asing dalam Pembangunan Ekonomi Negara Berkembang: Sebuah Sintesis Literatur.” Jurnal Review Pendidikan dan Pengajaran 7, no. 2 (2024): 3227.

Muhamad Pahrul Roji A. “Analisis Peran Host State dalam Mengendalikan dan Memberikan Perlindungan Terhadap Foreign Direct Investment: Studi Kasus Pada Konteks Hukum Indonesia.” Madani: Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisipline 1, no. 4 (Mei 2023): 558–71. https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.7982811.

Muhammad Dafa Hanggariksa dan Arie Kusuma Paksi. “Kontribusi Perusahaan Multinasional Dalam Menghadapi Pandemi Covid-19 Di Indonesia (Studi CSR Nestle Indonesia).” SOSIOLOGI: Jurnal Ilmiah Kajian Ilmu Sosial dan Budaya 25, no. 1 (Maret 2023): 1–20. https://doi.org/10.23960/sosiologi.v25i1.366.

Muhammad Rezza. “Corporate Social Responsibility Multinational Corporations Di Indonesia, Sudahkah Mendukung Sustainable Development Goals.” Jurnal Cakrawala 8, no. 1 (2019): 1–28.

Nurfatmala, Neneng Fitriah, Riska Komalasari, Sarip Hidayat, dan Fitri Raya. “Peran Perusahaan Multinasional Dalam Meningkatkan Sektor Perekonomian Di Indonesia.” MENAWAN: Jurnal Riset Dan Publikasi Ilmu Ekonomi Vol. 1, no. No. 6 (2021): 280.

Lutfillah, Kiki. “Pencemaran di Teluk Buyat.” Jurnal Kybernan 2, no. 1 (2011): 17–29.

M. Arif Florisadeg. “Peran Undang-Undang Cipta Kerja dalam Reformasi Hukum Investasi di Indonesia.” Jurnal Hukum, Administrasi Publik dan Negara 2, no. 1 (Desember 2024): 9–21.

Margaretha, Viona. “Reformasi Regulasi Untuk Mempermudah Proses Berusaha Di Indonesia.” SenHIB 1, no. 2 (2025): 17–35.

Pujiono, Pujiono, Dewi Sulistianingsih, dan Laga Sugiarto. “Reformasi Birokrasi Perizinan Berusaha Melalui Online Single Submission (OSS).” Arena Hukum 15, no. 3 (Desember 2022): 652–74. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.arenahukum.2022.01503.10.

Rachman, Sri Nurnaningsih, Herry M Polontoh, Jesslyn Elisandra Harefa, Amstrong Harefa, dan Tora Yuliana. “Analisis Hukum Terhadap Aturan Hukum Penanaman Modal Asing Dalam Mendorong Investasi Di Indonesia Legal Analysis Of Foreign Investment Legal Regulations In Encouraging Investment In Indonesia.” Rewang Rencang : Jurnal Hukum Lex Generalis 6, no. 4 (2025): 1–25.

Rayhan, Ahmad, dan Widya Ayu Pramesty. “Implementasi Minamata Convention On Mercury Terhadap Kasus Pencemaran Merkuri Dan Arsen Di Teluk Buyat Indonesia.” Tirtayasa Journal Of International Law 2, no. 1 (2023): 55–70.

Sholehah, Isma Wardatus, dan Nurul Nadira. “Perlindungan Hukum Teknis Perizinan Terhadap Investor Berdasar UU No 6 Tahun 2023 Tentang Penetapan Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2022 Tentang Cipta Kerja Menjadi Undang-Undang.” National Multidisciplinary Sciences 2, no. 4 (Juli 2023): 334–38. https://doi.org/10.32528/nms.v2i4.312.

Soeharto, Dyah Nurnaningtyas. “Kekuatan Politik & Hukum PT Freeport Indonesia atas Kasus Pemblokiran Jaminan Kesehatan Pekerja Tahun 2018.” Politeia: Jurnal Ilmu Politik 13, no. 2 (Juli 2021): 61–75. https://doi.org/10.32734/politeia.v13i2.6189.

Sondakh, Jemmy. “Model Pengaturan Investasi Lokal (Local Investation Regulation) Pada Beberapa Daerah Di Provinsi Sulawesi Utara.” Jurnal Hukum Unsrat 2, no. 2 (2016): 36–49.

Sornarajah, M. The International Law on: Foreign Investment. ed. 3. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2010.

Upoyo, Violla Brazzy, dan Emmanuel Ariananto Waluyo Adi. “Penerapan Prinsip Non Diskriminasi Kaitannya Dengan Ketentuan Tingkat Kandungan Dalam Negeri Di Indonesia.” UNES Law Review 4, no. 1 (September 2021): 1–15. https://doi.org/10.31933/unesrev.v4i1.199.

Sugiharto, Mulhady Putra, As-Syifa R.Ramdhani Tanjung, dan Siti Hajar Sahari. “Posisi Geopolitik Indonesia dalam Konteks Hubungan Regional Asia Tenggara.” Jurnal Kajian Ilmu Sosial, Politik dan Hukum Vol. 2, no. No. 1 (2025): 181–91. https://doi.org/10.62383/terang.v2i1.852.

Tekayadi, Suntarajaya Kwangtama, Hilman Prayuda, dan Imam Alfurqan. “Perubahan Konsep Fiktif Positif dalam Penyelenggaraan Perizinan Berbasis Resiko Pasca Pengesahan Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2023 terkait Penetapan Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2022 terkait Cipta Kerja.” Indonesia Berdaya 5, no. 4 (2024): 1456–66.

Ula, Hikmatul. “Model Penerapan Corporate Social Responsibility Oleh Multinational Corporation Dalam Pengaturan International Finance Corporation (Ifc) Dan Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (Miga).” Arena Hukum 7, no. 1 (April 2014): 13–25. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.arenahukum.2014.00701.2.

V.S, Lenny Syarlitha. “Perlindungan Hukum Kegiatan Investasi dengan Klausul Fair and Equitable Treatment dalam Perjanjian Penanaman Modal Asing.” Tesis, Universitas Indonesia, 2018.

Humas BKPM. “Mengenal Fiktif Positif (FikPos) Dalam Perizinan Berusaha.” BKPM, 17 Juni 2025. https://www.bkpm.go.id/index.php/id/info/pengumuman/mengenal-fiktif-positif-fikpos-dalam-perizinan-berusaha.

Humas Sekretariat Kabinet Republik Indonesia. “Kesepakatan Ditandatangani, Indonesia Resmi Miliki 51 Persen Saham PT Freeport Indonesia.” Sekretariat Kabinet Republik Indonesia, 13 Juli 2018. https://setkab.go.id/kesepakatan-ditandatangani-indonesia-resmi-miliki-51-persen-saham-pt-freeport-indonesia/.

Kementerian Investasi dan Hilirisasi/BKPM. Ditopang Hilirisasi, Investasi di Indonesia Semester I 2025 Tembus Rp942,9 Triliun. 29 Juli 2025. https://www.bkpm.go.id/index.php/id/info/siaran-pers/ditopang-hilirisasi-investasi-di-indonesia-semester-i-2025-tembus-rp942-9-triliun.

PT Freeport Indonesia. “Sampai 2041, Freeport Bisa Setor ke Negara Rp 1.200 Triliun.” PT Freeport Indonesia, 1 September 2023. https://ptfi.co.id/id/news/detail/freeport-could-be-paying-rp-1-200-trillion-to-the-state-until-2041.

Safii. “Divestasi 51% Saham Freeport, Jonan: Win-Win Solution.” Kementerian Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral Republik Indonesia, 29 September 2018. https://www.esdm.go.id/id/media-center/arsip-berita/divestasi-51-saham-freeport-jonan-win-win-solution.

Trading Economics. Investasi Langsung Asing Indonesia. t.t. https://id.tradingeconomics.com/indonesia/foreign-direct-investment.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17866845

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

 

Media Hukum Indonesia (MHI)

E-ISSN :3032-6591

Organized by Penerbit Yayasan Daarul Huda Kruengmane,